Mechanical

Heat treatment is the heating and cooling of metals to change their physical and mechanical properties, without letting it change its  shape.  Heat treatment  could be said to be a method for strengthening materials but could also be used to alter some mechanical properties such as improving formability, machining, etc. The most common application is metallurgical but heat treatment can also be used in manufacture of glass, aluminum, steel and many more materials. The process of heat treatment involves the use of heating or cooling, usually to extreme temperatures to achieve the wanted result. It is very important manufacturing processes that can not only help manufacturing process but can also improve product, its performance, and its characteristics in many ways. Hardening Hardening involves heating of steel, keeping it at an appropriate temperature until all pearlite is transformed into austenite, and then quenching it rapidly in water or oil. The temperature at which a

 Introduction:  Sheet metal forming, also called stamping, involves operations such as cutting, drawing, spinning etc on sheets. Sheet metal forming involves predominantly tensile forces, compared to bulk forming, which involve compressive forces. Due to tensile stress, sheets may undergo localized deformation followed by cracking. Sheets are rolled products, which have thickness less than 6mm. Sheet metal operations involve work pieces with large surface area to thickness ratio. Blanks are cut from sheets. These blanks are subsequently subjected to one or more sheet forming operations in order to get the finished component. Sheet metal forming is widely used for producing wide range of products starting from household vessels to aerospace parts, to automobile or aircraft bodies. Final shape is obtained by applying tensile, shear or combination of forces and stretching or shrinking the sheet metal blanks. Hydraulic or mechanical presses called stamping presses are used for the f